Smart Buliding (Building Intelligence) is a term used for Building Control and integrate building equipment .
Perhaps this has been created in the minds of most people that the purpose of making the building smart is to install touch keys, remote control of equipment with mobile phones and the Internet, or some people consider it an advanced system that is used only in important centers, but We must say that these definitions are considered a small part of building smartness.
What is Smart House?
Making the building smart is controlling all the building equipment from the engine room equipment to its electrical and mechanical systems. After controlling, it is necessary to monitor the status of each system and how the equipment works, establish communication between the devices and program the controller of each one. If all the systems and equipment used in the building are under our control and monitoring, it can be claimed that we have smart house .
People can earn good income in the field of smart home job market if they are familiar with the electrical and mechanical installations of the building first.
Control and precision instruments in building smartness
As mentioned, the goal of building smartness is the control of equipment and their monitoring. In order to be able to implement equipment control, it is necessary to have a basic knowledge of control engineering with the discussion of control, automation equipment and in general.
Control Process
Control Process Is a set of actions to manage a department, equipment or a process . With the help of this system, we can control the building equipment. The time of turning on and off, the duration of operation and even how the equipment works are determined with the help of the control system. You must first be able to know the equipment you want to control, then implement its control system.
Every control system consists of three main parts:
- Entrance
- Controller
- Operator
By means of equipment, we receive information from the environment. This information enters the controller and the controller transmits executive orders to the operator.
Smart home control signals
The sensors used in building smartness will each have different inputs and outputs. The signals used in the smart home control section are divided into the following two categories:
- Digital
- Analog
♦ Digital signals are composed of two states, zero and one. During the operation of the sensors whose output is a digital signal, a voltage of 5 volts is created, and when the voltage is cut off, they have a voltage of 0 volts. These signals are used in limit switches, optical sensors, push buttons, etc.
♦ Unlike digital, analog signals do not consist of two voltage levels, but include a range of voltage or current:
Voltage analog signals: The voltage range of these signals is between 0 and 10 volts.
Current analog signals: Current range 0 to 20 mA
Smart building sensors
Sensors play the role of system input. With the help of sensors, information is collected from the equipment or their surroundings and sent to the controller. These equipment measure various quantities such as pressure, temperature, height, weight, etc. Analog or digital signals output from the sensors. It is sent to the controllers, which can be PLC or any other controller.
So, to work in the field of building automation, you need to know how to work with sensors and industrial automation in general. However, the field of industrial automation, due to its wide scope, requires a lot of time and money to master this field, but we know We have something good for you.
Some sensors that can be used in smart building and home are:
Temperature sensor / pressure sensor / humidity sensor / motion sensor / ultrasonic sensor / limit switch and micro switch
Operators of building Smart
♦ Damper motor Which act like a control valve. With the help of these motors, the ventilation valves are opened and closed automatically. The amount of air entering the rooms can be adjusted in this way.
♦ Control valves which have a function similar to ordinary valves. with the difference that they can be controlled and according to the command we give them, we determine how open or closed they are.
♦ Tee valves which is practically used in the air conditioning system.
♦ Valve actuator which are a type of two-way control valves that are placed before the inlet pipes of the tanks.
Smart building monitoring equipment
Monitoring is a system of showing the status of the system at any moment. In order to show the performance of the equipment used in the building at any moment and to be able to control all the equipment from one point, we use a control room. In the control room All control commands such as turning on and off the cooling equipment, opening and closing water valves, etc. are issued. In this room, there is a set of screens through which we can access any of the systems used in the building.
Graphical interfaces HMI stands for Human Machine Interface is a device that establishes communication between the operator and the equipment. These graphic monitors are programmable and can be ordered to turn on or off a device by touching a part of the screen.
source: namatek